{"id":765,"date":"2025-12-28T15:16:34","date_gmt":"2025-12-28T06:16:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/looker-on.com\/?p=765"},"modified":"2026-01-03T18:50:17","modified_gmt":"2026-01-03T09:50:17","slug":"%e3%82%b7%e3%83%aa%e3%83%bc%e3%82%ba%e3%80%8c%e9%9a%9c%e5%ae%b3%e8%80%85%e6%94%af%e6%8f%b4%e6%96%bd%e8%a8%ad%e3%82%92%e8%80%83%e3%81%88%e3%82%8b%e3%80%8d%e3%83%97%e3%83%ad%e3%83%ad%e3%83%bc%e3%82%b0-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/looker-on.com\/?p=765","title":{"rendered":"\u30b7\u30ea\u30fc\u30ba\u300c\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u652f\u63f4\u65bd\u8a2d\u3092\u8003\u3048\u308b\u300d\u30d7\u30ed\u30ed\u30fc\u30b0\uff1a\u56fd\u9023\u306e\u300c\u8131\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u6226\u7565\u300d\u306f\u4f55\u3092\u8a9e\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304b\u305d\u308c\u3068\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u52d5\u5411\u2461"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u524d\u56de\u306e\u6295\u7a3f\u3067\u3001\u56fd\u9023\u306e\u8131\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u9577\u3005\u3068\u539f\u6587\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3057\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306bLooker-on\u306e\u5bfe\u8a33\u3092\u3064\u3051\u3066\u3001\u89e3\u8aac\u3057\u305f\u3002\u539f\u6587\u3067\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u306a\u30d1\u30e9\u30d5\u30ec\u30a4\u30ba\u3092\u5f15\u7528\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3053\u3060\u308f\u3063\u305f\u306e\u306f\u3001\u56fd\u9023\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u304c\u672c\u5f53\u306b\u8a34\u3048\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u7686\u3055\u3093\u306b\u611f\u3058\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3044\u305f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u304b\u3089\u3060\u3002\u8cc7\u6599\u3001\u53f2\u6599\u306e\u5b6b\u5f15\u304d\u3068\u8981\u7d04\u89e3\u8aac\u304c\u3001\u3069\u308c\u307b\u3069\u4e8b\u5b9f\u306e\u5b9f\u76f8\u3092\u4f1d\u3048\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u306f\u3001\u3053\u306e\u30d6\u30ed\u30b0\u3092\u4e39\u5ff5\u306b\u8aad\u3093\u3067\u304f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8aad\u8005\u306e\u65b9\u3005\u306a\u3089\u3070Looker-on\u306e\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306f\u5fcd\u8010\u304c\u3044\u308b\u3068\u306f\u8a00\u3048\u304a\u4ed8\u304d\u5408\u3044\u3044\u305f\u3060\u304f\u3057\u304b\u306a\u3044\u3002\u524d\u56de\u306e\u6295\u7a3f\u3067\u300c\u56fd\u9023\u306e\u52e7\u544a\u3084\u610f\u898b\u3001\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u8abf\u3079\u3066\u3044\u304f\u3068\u3001\u6761\u7d04\u30fb\u52e7\u544a\u30fb\u610f\u898b\u306e\u7a4d\u307f\u91cd\u306d\u306b\u4e0a\u306b\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3068\u304b\u304c\u6210\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u8907\u96d1\u306b\u7d44\u307f\u5408\u308f\u3055\u3063\u305f\u4f3d\u85cd\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u69cb\u9020\u306b\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u3001\u3042\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u610f\u898b\u304c\u7a81\u7136\u5f37\u8abf\u7684\u306b\u8ff0\u3079\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u308f\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307e\u3067\u306e\u6761\u7d04\u30fb\u52e7\u544a\u30fb\u610f\u898b\u306e\u7a4d\u307f\u91cd\u306d\u306e\u4e0a\u306b\u3001\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306f\u5b58\u5728\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u5f93\u3063\u3066\u3001\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3092\u5206\u6790\u3059\u308b\u306b\u3057\u3066\u3082\u305d\u306e\u4e0b\u6577\u304d\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6761\u7d04\u30fb\u52e7\u544a\u30fb\u610f\u898b\u3084\u305d\u3053\u306b\u89e6\u308c\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6982\u5ff5\u3084\u5b9a\u7fa9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u4e01\u5be7\u306b\u76ee\u3092\u901a\u3059\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d\u3068\u66f8\u304d\u8d77\u3053\u3057\u3066\u304a\u3044\u305f\u304c\u3001\u5b9f\u969b\u3001\u56fd\u9023\u304c\u8a00\u308f\u3093\u3068\u3057\u305f\u30cb\u30e5\u30a2\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u3001\u5148\u305a\u7686\u3055\u3093\u3068\u5171\u6709\u5316\u3057\u3066\u304a\u304d\u305f\u3044\u3068\u601d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8131\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u306a\u6982\u5ff5\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u300c\u81ea\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u300d\u300c\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u3078\u306e\u5305\u6442\u300d\u304c\u3042\u308a\u3001\u3053\u308c\u304c\u56fd\u9023\u3067\u63a1\u629e\u3057\u305f\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u6a29\u5229\u6761\u7d04\u3092\u8cab\u304f\u5927\u304d\u306a\u30ad\u30fc\u30ef\u30fc\u30c9\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6a29\u5229\u6761\u7d04\u7b2c\uff11\uff19\u6761\u306b\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u898f\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Article 19 &#8211; Living independently and being included in the community<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">States Parties to this Convention recognize the equal right of all persons with disabilities to live in the community, with choices equal to others, and shall take effective and appropriate measures to facilitate full enjoyment by persons with disabilities of this right and their full inclusion and participation in the community, including by ensuring that:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol style=\"list-style-type:lower-alpha\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Persons with disabilities have the opportunity to choose their place of residence and where and with whom they live on an equal basis with others and are not obliged to live in a particular living arrangement;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Persons with disabilities have access to a range of in-home, residential and other community support services, including personal assistance necessary to support living and inclusion in the community, and to prevent isolation or segregation from the community;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Community services and facilities for the general population are available on an equal basis to persons with disabilities and are responsive to their needs.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.mofa.go.jp\/mofaj\/fp\/hr_ha\/page22_000899.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u516c\u5b9a\u8a33<\/a>\u3000\u5916\u52d9\u7701HP\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u6761\u3000\u81ea\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u751f\u6d3b\u53ca\u3073\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u3078\u306e\u5305\u5bb9<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3000\u3053\u306e\u6761\u7d04\u306e\u7de0\u7d04\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u5168\u3066\u306e\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u304c\u4ed6\u306e\u8005\u3068\u5e73\u7b49\u306e\u9078\u629e\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u3082\u3063\u3066\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u3067\u751f\u6d3b\u3059\u308b\u5e73\u7b49\u306e\u6a29\u5229\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u8a8d\u3081\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3068\u3057\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u304c\u3001\u3053\u306e\u6a29\u5229\u3092\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u4eab\u53d7\u3057\u3001\u4e26\u3073\u306b\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5305\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u3001\u53ca\u3073\u53c2\u52a0\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u5bb9\u6613\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u304b\u3064\u9069\u5f53\u306a\u63aa\u7f6e\u3092\u3068\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u63aa\u7f6e\u306b\u306f\u3001\u6b21\u306e\u3053\u3068\u3092\u78ba\u4fdd\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u3088\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08a\uff09\u3000\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u304c\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u8005\u3068\u306e\u5e73\u7b49\u3092\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3001\u53ca\u3073\u3069\u3053\u3067\u8ab0\u3068\u751f\u6d3b\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u4e26\u3073\u306b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u65bd\u8a2d\u3067\u751f\u6d3b\u3059\u308b\u7fa9\u52d9\u3092\u8ca0\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08b\uff09\u3000\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u751f\u6d3b\u53ca\u3073\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u3078\u306e\u5305\u5bb9\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3057\u3001\u4e26\u3073\u306b\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5b64\u7acb\u53ca\u3073\u9694\u96e2\u3092\u9632\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u5728\u5b85\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3001\u5c45\u4f4f\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u652f\u63f4\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\uff08\u500b\u5225\u306e\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u542b\u3080\u3002\uff09\u3092\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u304c\u5229\u7528\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u6709\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08c\uff09\u3000\u4e00\u822c\u4f4f\u6c11\u5411\u3051\u306e\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u53ca\u3073\u65bd\u8a2d\u304c\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u4ed6\u306e\u8005\u3068\u306e\u5e73\u7b49\u3092\u57fa\u790e\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5229\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u304b\u3064\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u306b\u5bfe\u5fdc\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3053\u306e\u6761\u6587\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3001\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306a\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3092\u3064\u304b\u3093\u3067\u3044\u3053\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c\u81ea\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u751f\u6d3b\u53ca\u3073\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u3078\u306e\u5305\u5bb9\u201d\uff08Living independently and being included in the community\uff09\u306e\u8a73\u7d30\u306a\u898f\u5b9a\u306f\u3001<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/docs.un.org\/en\/CRPD\/C\/GC\/5\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">\u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u610f\u898b\u7b2c5\u53f7\uff082017\u5e74\uff09<\/a><\/strong>\u306b\u8a73\u7d30\u306b\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u9577\u6587\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u539f\u6587\u3068\u5bfe\u8a33\u3092\u8a18\u8f09\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Independent living<\/strong>. Independent living\/living independently means that individuals with disabilities are provided with all necessary means to enable them to exercise choice and control over their lives and make all decisions concerning their lives. Personal autonomy and self-determination are fundamental to independent living, including access to transport, information, communication and personal assistance, place of residence, daily routine, habits, decent employment, personal relationships, clothing, nutrition, hygiene and health care, religious activities, cultural activities and sexual and reproductive rights. These activities are linked to the development of a person\u2019s identity and personality: where we live and with whom, what we eat, whether we like to sleep in or go to bed late at night, be inside or outdoors, have a tablecloth and candles on the table, have pets or listen to music. Such actions and decisions constitute who we are. Independent living is an essential part of the individual\u2019s autonomy and freedom and does not necessarily mean living alone. It should also not be interpreted solely as the ability to carry out daily activities by oneself. Rather, it should be regarded as the freedom to choose and control, in line with the respect for inherent dignity and individual autonomy as enshrined in article 3 (a) of the Convention. Independence as a form of personal autonomy means that the person with disability is not deprived of the opportunity of choice and control regarding personal lifestyle and daily activities;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08Google\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305f<a>Looker-on<\/a>\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b<\/strong>\uff1a\u751f\u6d3b\uff0f\u72ec\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u3068\u306f\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u500b\u4eba\u304c\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u4e0b\u305b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u306a\u624b\u6bb5\u304c\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u81ea\u5f8b\u6027\u3068\u81ea\u5df1\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306f\u81ea\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u57fa\u76e4\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u624b\u6bb5\u3001\u60c5\u5831\u3001\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30b1\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u3001\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3001\u5c45\u4f4f\u5730\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u7fd2\u6163\u3001\u9069\u5207\u306a\u96c7\u7528\u3001\u4eba\u9593\u95a2\u4fc2\u3001\u8863\u670d\u3001\u6804\u990a\u3001\u885b\u751f\u3068\u533b\u7642\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u6d3b\u52d5\u3001\u6587\u5316\u6d3b\u52d5\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u6027\u3068\u751f\u6b96\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u6a29\u5229\u3078\u306e\u30a2\u30af\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3068\u4eba\u683c\u306e\u767a\u9054\u3068\u7d50\u3073\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001\u3069\u3053\u306b\u8ab0\u3068\u4f4f\u3080\u304b\u3001\u4f55\u3092\u98df\u3079\u308b\u304b\u3001\u5bdd\u574a\u3059\u308b\u304b\u591c\u66f4\u304b\u3057\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u5c4b\u5185\u306b\u3044\u308b\u304b\u5c4b\u5916\u306b\u3044\u308b\u304b\u3001\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u30af\u30ed\u30b9\u3068\u30ad\u30e3\u30f3\u30c9\u30eb\u3092\u30c6\u30fc\u30d6\u30eb\u306b\u7740\u3051\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3001\u30da\u30c3\u30c8\u3092\u98fc\u3046\u304b\u97f3\u697d\u3092\u8074\u304f\u304b\u3001\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u884c\u52d5\u3084\u6c7a\u5b9a\u304c\u3001\u79c1\u305f\u3061\u306e\u30a2\u30a4\u30c7\u30f3\u30c6\u30a3\u30c6\u30a3\u3092\u5f62\u6210\u3059\u308b\u3002\u81ea\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u81ea\u5f8b\u6027\u3068\u81ea\u7531\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u672c\u8cea\u7684\u306a\u90e8\u5206\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5fc5\u305a\u3057\u3082\u4e00\u4eba\u3067\u751f\u6d3b\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u4e00\u4eba\u3067\u884c\u3048\u308b\u80fd\u529b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u307f\u89e3\u91c8\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3080\u3057\u308d\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u6761\u7d04\u7b2c3\u6761\uff08a\uff09\u306b\u8b33\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u56fa\u6709\u306e\u5c0a\u53b3\u3068\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u81ea\u5f8b\u6027\u306e\u5c0a\u91cd\u306b\u5247\u308a\u3001\u9078\u629e\u3068\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u81ea\u7531\u3068\u6349\u3048\u3089\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u4eba\u683c\u7684\u81ea\u5f8b\u306e\u4e00\u5f62\u614b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306e\u81ea\u7acb\u3068\u306f\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u304c\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u306a\u30e9\u30a4\u30d5\u30b9\u30bf\u30a4\u30eb\u3084\u65e5\u5e38\u6d3b\u52d5\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u3068\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u596a\u308f\u308c\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u610f\u5473\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Being included in the community<\/strong>. The right to be included in the community relates to the principle of full and effective inclusion and participation in society as enshrined in, among others, article 3 (c) of the Convention. It includes living a full social life and having access to all services offered to the public and to support services offered to persons with disabilities to enable them to be fully included and participate in all spheres of social life. These services can relate, among others, to housing, transport, shopping, education, employment, recreational activities and all other facilities and services offered to the public, including social media. The right also includes having access to all measures and events of political and cultural life in the community, among others, public meetings, sports events, cultural and religious festivals and any other activity in which the person with disability wishes to participate;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08Google\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305fLooker-on\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u5305\u6442\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/strong>\uff1a\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u5305\u6442\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6a29\u5229\u306f\u3001\u6761\u7d04\u7b2c3\u6761(c)\u306a\u3069\u306b\u5b9a\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u3078\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u304b\u3064\u52b9\u679c\u7684\u306a\u5305\u6442\u304a\u3088\u3073\u53c2\u52a0\u306e\u539f\u5247\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6a29\u5229\u306b\u306f\u3001\u5145\u5b9f\u3057\u305f\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u9001\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u516c\u8846\u306b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u6a29\u5229\u3001\u306a\u3089\u3073\u306b\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u304c\u793e\u4f1a\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u5206\u91ce\u306b\u5b8c\u5168\u306b\u5305\u6442\u3055\u308c\u53c2\u52a0\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306b\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u652f\u63f4\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u6a29\u5229\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u3089\u306e\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3068\u308a\u308f\u3051\u3001\u4f4f\u5b85\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u3001\u8cb7\u3044\u7269\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u3001\u96c7\u7528\u3001\u30ec\u30af\u30ea\u30a8\u30fc\u30b7\u30e7\u30f3\u6d3b\u52d5\u3001\u30bd\u30fc\u30b7\u30e3\u30eb\u30e1\u30c7\u30a3\u30a2\u3092\u542b\u3080\u516c\u8846\u306b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u65bd\u8a2d\u304a\u3088\u3073\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u304c\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002\u3053\u306e\u6a29\u5229\u306b\u306f\u3001\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u653f\u6cbb\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u6587\u5316\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u624b\u6bb5\u304a\u3088\u3073\u884c\u4e8b\u3001\u3068\u308a\u308f\u3051\u3001\u516c\u958b\u96c6\u4f1a\u3001\u30b9\u30dd\u30fc\u30c4\u30a4\u30d9\u30f3\u30c8\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7684\u304a\u3088\u3073\u5b97\u6559\u7684\u306a\u796d\u308a\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u304c\u53c2\u52a0\u3092\u5e0c\u671b\u3059\u308b\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u6a29\u5229\u3082\u542b\u307e\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Independent living arrangements<\/strong>. Both independent living and being included in the community refer to life settings outside residential institutions of all kinds. It is not \u201cjust\u201d about living in a particular building or setting; it is, first and foremost, about not losing personal choice and autonomy as a result of the imposition of certain life and living arrangements. Neither large-scale institutions with more than a hundred residents nor smaller group homes with five to eight individuals, nor even individual homes can be called independent living arrangements if they have other defining elements of institutions or institutionalization. Although institutionalized settings can differ in size, name and set-up, there are certain defining elements, <strong><u>such as obligatory sharing of assistants with others and no or limited influence over whom one has to accept assistance from; isolation and segregation from independent life within the community; lack of control over day-to-day decisions; lack of choice over whom to live with; rigidity of routine irrespective of personal will and preferences; identical activities in the same place for a group of persons under a certain authority; a paternalistic approach in service provision; supervision of living arrangements; and usually also a disproportion in the number of persons with disabilities living in the same environment<\/u>. <\/strong>Institutional settings may offer persons with disabilities a certain degree of choice and control; however, these choices are limited to specific areas of life and do not change the segregating character of institutions. Policies of deinstitutionalization therefore require implementation of structural reforms which go beyond the closure of institutional settings. Large or small<strong>\u3000<\/strong>group homes are especially dangerous for children, for whom there is no substitute for the need to grow up with a family. \u201cFamily-like\u201d institutions are still institutions and are no substitute for care by a family;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u539f\u6587\u3092\u4e39\u5ff5\u306b\u7a81\u304d\u5408\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306b\u82e6\u3067\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u3001\u6c17\u3065\u304f\u3068\u601d\u3046\u304c\u3001\u4e0b\u7dda\u90e8\u306e\u4e00\u7bc0\u306f\u3001\u8131\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u3067\u3001\u201cdefining elements of an institution\u201d\u3068\u3057\u3066\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3065\u3051\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>defining elements of an institution<\/td><td>\u7279\u5b9a\u975e\u55b6\u5229\u6d3b\u52d5\u6cd5\u4eba \u65e5\u672c\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u5354\u8b70\u4f1a\u8a33<\/td><td>\u76f4\u8a33<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>obligatory sharing of assistants with others and no or limited influence over whom one has to accept assistance from<\/td><td>\u4ecb\u52a9\u8005\u3092\u4ed6\u4eba\u3068\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7fa9\u52d9\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3001\u8ab0\u306b\u4ecb\u52a9\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u610f\u601d\u8868\u793a\u6a29\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/td><td>\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\uff41\uff53\uff53\uff49\uff53\uff54\uff41\uff4e\uff54(\u4ecb\u52a9\u8005)\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u4eba\u3068\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306a\u5171\u6709\u3001\u8ab0\u304c\uff41\uff53\uff53\uff49\uff53\uff54\uff41\uff4e\uff54\uff08\u4ecb\u52a9\uff09\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u304c\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>isolation and segregation from independent life within the community<\/td><td>\u5730\u57df\u3067\u306e\u81ea\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u751f\u6d3b\u304b\u3089\u9694\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u3001\u5206\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/td><td>\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u81ea\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u751f\u6d3b\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5b64\u7acb\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9694\u96e2<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>lack of control over day-to-day decisions<\/td><td>\u65e5\u3005\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u65e5\u3005\u306e\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u6b20\u5982<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>lack of choice over whom to live with<\/td><td>\u8ab0\u3068\u66ae\u3089\u3059\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u95a2\u5fc3\u4e8b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u672c\u4eba\u306e\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u306a\u3044<\/td><td>\u4e00\u7dd2\u306b\u751f\u6d3b\u3059\u308b\u4eba\u3092\u9078\u629e\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>rigidity of routine irrespective of personal will and preferences<\/td><td>\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u610f\u601d\u3084\u5e0c\u671b\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306a\u304f\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u304c\u53b3\u683c\u3067\u3042\u308b<\/td><td>\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u610f\u5fd7\u3084\u597d\u307f\u306b\u95a2\u4fc2\u306e\u306a\u3044\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u30eb\u30fc\u30c1\u30f3\u3001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>identical activities in the same place for a group of persons under a certain authority<\/td><td>\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u7ba1\u7406\u306e\u3082\u3068\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u304c\u5c5e\u3059\u308b\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u5358\u4f4d\u306b\u3001\u540c\u3058\u5834\u6240\u3067\u307b\u307c\u540c\u3058\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u884c\u3046<\/td><td>\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u6a29\u9650\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u4e00\u56e3\u306e\u500b\u4eba\u304c\u540c\u3058\u5834\u6240\u3067\u540c\u3058\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>a paternalistic approach in service provision<\/td><td>\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u304c\u7236\u6a29\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3067\u3042\u308b<\/td><td>\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u306e\u7236\u6a29\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\uff08\u30d1\u30bf\u30fc\u30ca\u30ea\u30ba\u30e0\uff09\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3001<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>supervision of living arrangements<\/td><td>\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u76e3\u7763\u3059\u308b<\/td><td>\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u76e3\u7763<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>usually also a disproportion in the number of persons with disabilities living in the same environment<\/td><td>\u540c\u3058\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u969c\u5bb3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u304c\u504f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b<\/td><td>\u540c\u3058\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u3044\u308b\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u6570\u306e\u4e0d\u5747\u8861<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08Google\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305fLooker-on\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>\u81ea\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u5f62\u614b<\/strong>\u3002\u81ea\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u3068\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u3078\u306e\u5305\u6442\u306f\u3001\u3044\u305a\u308c\u3082\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u5c45\u4f4f\u65bd\u8a2d\u306e\u5916\u90e8\u306b\u3042\u308b\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u5e30\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u305d\u308c\u306f\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u5efa\u7269\u3084\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u4f4f\u3080\u3053\u3068\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u306a\u306b\u3088\u308a\u3082\u307e\u305a\u3001\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u3084\u5c45\u4f4f\u74b0\u5883\u3092\u8ab2\u3059\u3053\u3068\u306e\u7d50\u679c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u9078\u629e\u6a29\u3068\u81ea\u5f8b\u6027\u3092\u5931\u308f\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002100\u4eba\u4ee5\u4e0a\u306e\u5165\u5c45\u8005\u304c\u3044\u308b\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u65bd\u8a2d\u3067\u3042\u308c\u30015\u4eba\u304b\u30898\u4eba\u7a0b\u5ea6\u306e\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u306a\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u30db\u30fc\u30e0\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u500b\u4eba\u30db\u30fc\u30e0\u3067\u3042\u308c\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\u307e\u305f\u306f\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u7684\u306a\u8981\u7d20\u3092\u6301\u3064\u9650\u308a\u3001\u81ea\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3068\u547c\u3076\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u3055\u308c\u305f\u74b0\u5883\u306f\u898f\u6a21\u3001\u540d\u79f0\u3001\u5f62\u614b\u304c\u69d8\u3005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u3042\u308b\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u7279\u5fb4\u3092\u6301\u3064\u3002\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u3001<strong>\u5f53\u4e8b\u8005\u306b\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\uff08\u4ecb\u52a9\u8005\uff09\u3092\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u7fa9\u52d9\u3092\u8ca0\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u5f53\u4e8b\u8005\u306b\u8ab0\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30c8\uff08\u4ecb\u52a9\uff09\u3092\u3046\u3051\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5de6\u53f3\u3059\u308b\u529b\u304c\u5168\u304f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u81ea\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u304b\u3089\u306e\u5b64\u7acb\u3068\u9694\u96e2\u3001\u65e5\u3005\u306e\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u306e\u6b20\u5982\u3001\u8ab0\u3068\u66ae\u3089\u3059\u304b\u306e\u9078\u629e\u6a29\u306e\u6b20\u5982\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306e\u610f\u5fd7\u3084\u597d\u307f\u306b\u95a2\u308f\u3089\u305a\u53b3\u683c\u306a\u65e5\u8ab2\u3001\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u6a29\u9650\u306e\u4e0b\u3067\u96c6\u56e3\u304c\u540c\u3058\u5834\u6240\u3067\u540c\u3058\u6d3b\u52d5\u3092\u884c\u3046\u3053\u3068\u3001\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u7236\u6a29\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u306a\u30a2\u30d7\u30ed\u30fc\u30c1\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u76e3\u7763\u3001\u305d\u3057\u3066\u901a\u5e38\u307e\u305f\u540c\u3058\u74b0\u5883\u3067\u66ae\u3089\u3059\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u6570\u306e\u4e0d\u5747\u8861<\/strong>\u304c\u305d\u308c\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u65bd\u8a2d\u74b0\u5883\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306b\u4e00\u5b9a\u306e\u9078\u629e\u6a29\u3068\u30b3\u30f3\u30c8\u30ed\u30fc\u30eb\u6a29\u3092\u4e0e\u3048\u308b\u5834\u5408\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u3053\u3046\u3057\u305f\u9078\u629e\u6a29\u306f\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u7279\u5b9a\u306e\u9818\u57df\u306b\u9650\u5b9a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\u306e\u9694\u96e2\u7684\u306a\u6027\u683c\u3092\u5909\u3048\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3057\u305f\u304c\u3063\u3066\u3001\u8131\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u653f\u7b56\u306b\u306f\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\u74b0\u5883\u306e\u9589\u9396\u306b\u3068\u3069\u307e\u3089\u306a\u3044\u69cb\u9020\u6539\u9769\u306e\u5b9f\u65bd\u304c\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3002\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u306e\u30b0\u30eb\u30fc\u30d7\u30db\u30fc\u30e0\u306f\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u6210\u9577\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u306b\u4ee3\u308f\u308b\u3082\u306e\u306e\u306a\u3044\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u305f\u3061\u306b\u3068\u3063\u3066\u7279\u306b\u5371\u967a\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300c\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u300d\u65bd\u8a2d\u3082\u3084\u306f\u308a\u65bd\u8a2d\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u306b\u3088\u308b\u30b1\u30a2\u306e\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u306a\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u524d\u56de\u306e\u6295\u7a3f\u3067\u3001\u201cdefining elements of an institution\u201d\u306e1\u7bc0\u3092\u76f4\u8a33\u306b\u3057\u3066\u63d0\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306b\u306f\u3001Looker-on\u306a\u308a\u306b\u5f15\u3063\u304b\u304b\u3063\u305f\u90e8\u5206\u304c\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3060\u3002\u4e8c\u756a\u76ee\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306f\u3001\u5165\u6240\u8005\u30fb\u5165\u5c45\u8005\u306e\u4eba\u6a29\u3084\u610f\u601d\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3092\u4fb5\u5bb3\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u306a\u74b0\u5883\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7cfe\u5f3e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3057\u304b\u308b\u3079\u304d\u306a\u306e\u306f\u7d0d\u5f97\u3067\u304d\u308b\u306e\u3060\u304c\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9\u3064\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u306e\u3046\u3061\u3001\u6700\u521d\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3067\u3042\u308b<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cobligatory sharing of assistants with others and no or limited influence over whom one has to accept assistance from\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u304c\u3001\u62bd\u8c61\u5ea6\u304c\u9ad8\u3059\u304e\u3066\u300c\u4ecb\u52a9\u8005\u3092\u4ed6\u4eba\u3068\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u7fa9\u52d9\u4ed8\u3051\u3089\u308c\u3001\u8ab0\u306b\u4ecb\u52a9\u3092\u3057\u3066\u3082\u3089\u3046\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u306e\u610f\u601d\u8868\u793a\u6a29\u304c\u306a\u3044\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u5236\u9650\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u300d\uff08\u65e5\u672c\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u5354\u8b70\u4f1a\u8a33\uff09\u53c8\u306f\u3001\u300c\u4ed6\u8005\u3068\uff41\uff53\uff53\uff49\uff53\uff54\uff41\uff4e\uff54(\u4ecb\u52a9\u8005)\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u4eba\u3068\u7fa9\u52d9\u7684\u306a\u5171\u6709\u3001\u8ab0\u304c\uff41\uff53\uff53\uff49\uff53\uff54\uff41\uff4e\uff54\uff08\u4ecb\u52a9\uff09\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u304b\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u304c\u307e\u3063\u305f\u304f\u306a\u3044\u304b\u9650\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\uff08\u76f4\u8a33\uff09\u304c\u3001\u4f55\u3068\u306a\u304f\u308f\u304b\u3063\u305f\u611f\u3058\u306b\u306a\u308b\u8a9e\u53e5\u3060\u304c\u3001\u3053\u308c\u307b\u3069\u307e\u3067\u306b\u300c\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u300d\u306e\u8981\u7d20\u3068\u3057\u3066\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u7cfe\u5f3e\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u306e\u304b\u3088\u304f\u5206\u304b\u3089\u306a\u304b\u3063\u305f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u6b21\u306b\u5c55\u958b\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u7d10\u89e3\u304f\u3068\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cobligatory sharing of assistants with others and no or limited influence over whom one has to accept assistance from\u201d\u304c\u3001\u7b2c\u4e00\u306b\u7cfe\u5f3e\u3055\u308c\u305f\u306e\u304b\u5206\u304b\u308b\u3088\u3046\u306a\u6c17\u304c\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u3092\u898b\u3066\u307f\u3088\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(d) <strong>Personal assistance<\/strong>. Personal assistance refers to person-directed\/\u201cuser\u201d-led human support available to a person with disability and is a tool for independent living. Although modes of personal assistance may vary, there are certain elements which distinguish it from other types of personal assistance, namely:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(i) Funding for personal assistance must be provided on the basis of personalized criteria and take into account human rights standards for decent employment. The funding is to be controlled by and allocated to the person with disability with the purpose of paying for any assistance required. It is based on an individual needs assessment and upon the individual life circumstances. Individualized services must not result in a reduced budget and\/or higher personal payment;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(ii) The service must be controlled by the person with disability, meaning that he or she can either contract the service from a variety of providers or act as an employer. Persons with disabilities have the option to custom design their own service, i.e., design the service and decide by whom, how, when, where and in what way the service is delivered and to instruct and direct service providers;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(iii) Personal assistance is a one-to-one relationship. Personal assistants must be recruited, trained and supervised by the person granted personal assistance. Personal assistants should not be \u201cshared\u201d without the full and free consent of the person granted personal assistance. Sharing of personal assistants will potentially limit and hinder the self-determined and spontaneous participation in the community;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(iv) Self-management of service delivery. Persons with disabilities who require personal assistance can freely choose their degree of personal control over service delivery according to their life circumstances and preferences. Even if the responsibilities of \u201cthe employer\u201d are contracted out, the person with disability always remains at the centre of the decisions concerning the assistance, the one to whom any inquiries must be directed and whose individual preferences must be respected. The control of personal assistance can be exercised through supported decision-making.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08Google\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305fLooker-on\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(d)<strong>\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9<\/strong>\uff1a\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3068\u306f\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u304c\u5229\u7528\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3001\u672c\u4eba\u4e3b\u5c0e\uff0f\u201d\u5229\u7528\u8005\u201d\u4e3b\u5c0e\u306e\u4eba\u7684\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u6307\u3057\u3001\u81ea\u7acb\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u30c4\u30fc\u30eb\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u306f\u591a\u5c90\u306b\u308f\u305f\u308b\u304c\u3001\u4ed6\u306e\u7a2e\u985e\u306e\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308b\u8981\u7d20\u304c\u3044\u304f\u3064\u304b\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3068\u304a\u308a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(\u2170) 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(ii) <strong>\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306f\u969c\u5bb3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u672c\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7ba1\u7406\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u672c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u304b\u3089\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u5951\u7d04\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u96c7\u7528\u4e3b\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/strong>\u969c\u5bb3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u81ea\u3089\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u30ab\u30b9\u30bf\u30de\u30a4\u30ba\u3057\u3066\u8a2d\u8a08\u3059\u308b\u9078\u629e\u80a2\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u8a2d\u8a08\u3057\u3001\u8ab0\u304c\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u3044\u3064\u3001\u3069\u3053\u3067\u3001\u3069\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u65b9\u6cd5\u3067\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u63d0\u4f9b\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3092\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u3001\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u3092\u6307\u5c0e\u30fb\u76e3\u7763\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(iii) <strong>\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u306f\u4e00\u5bfe\u4e00\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u672c\u4eba\u304c\u63a1\u7528\u3001\u7814\u4fee\u3001\u76e3\u7763\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u672c\u4eba\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u304b\u3064\u81ea\u7531\u306a\u540c\u610f\u306a\u3057\u306b\u300c\u5171\u6709\u300d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u5171\u6709\u306f\u3001\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u3078\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306a\u53c2\u52a0\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3057\u3001\u963b\u5bb3\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(iv) 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306f\u969c\u5bb3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u672c\u4eba\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u7ba1\u7406\u3055\u308c\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001<strong>\u969c\u5bb3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u672c\u4eba\u306f\u3001\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u304b\u3089\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u3092\u5951\u7d04\u3059\u308b\u304b\u3001\u96c7\u7528\u4e3b\u3068\u306a\u308b\u3053\u3068\u304c\u3067\u304d\u308b\u3002<\/strong>\u300d\u300c\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u306f<strong>\u4e00\u5bfe\u4e00\u306e\u95a2\u4fc2<\/strong>\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u3001<strong>\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u672c\u4eba\u304c\u63a1\u7528\u3001\u7814\u4fee\u3001\u76e3\u7763\u3057\u306a\u3051\u308c\u3070\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044<\/strong>\u3002\u300d\u3053\u306e\u6587\u7ae0\u304b\u3089\u308f\u304b\u308b\u901a\u308a\u3001\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u4eba\u306e\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u30de\u30f3\u30c4\u30fc\u30de\u30f3\u3067\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u304c\u96c7\u7528\u8005\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u3092\u96c7\u7528\u3059\u308b\u306e\u3060\u3002\u3064\u307e\u308a\u3001<strong>\u4f8b\u3048\u3067\u8a00\u3046\u3068\u3001\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u306f\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3066\u69d8\u3005\u306a\u652f\u63f4\u3092\u884c\u3046\u5c02\u5c5e\u79d8\u66f8\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3053\u3068\u3092\u4ee3\u308f\u308a\u306b\u3084\u3063\u3066\u304f\u308c\u308b\u30ed\u30dc\u30c3\u30c8\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30c7\u30d0\u30a4\u30b9\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002\u305d\u3057\u3066\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u304c\u96c7\u7528\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3001\u88ab\u96c7\u7528\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u96c7\u7528\u3001\u6a29\u5229\u3092\u5b88\u308b\u7fa9\u52d9\u3001\u63a1\u7528\u3001\u7814\u4fee\u3001\u76e3\u7763\u3059\u308b\u7fa9\u52d9\u304c\u751f\u3058\u308b\u3001\u5358\u306a\u308b\u7d30\u5207\u308c\u306b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3055\u308c\u308b\u4ecb\u8b77\u884c\u70ba\u3068\u3044\u3046\u5546\u54c1\u3092\u6d88\u8cbb\u3059\u308b\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u5f53\u4e8b\u8005\u304c\u500b\u5225\u306b\u96c7\u7528\u3059\u308b\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304b\u3089\u3001\u5f53\u7136\u300c\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u308b\u672c\u4eba\u306e\u5b8c\u5168\u304b\u3064\u81ea\u7531\u306a\u540c\u610f\u306a\u3057\u306b\u300c\u5171\u6709\u300d\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\u306e\u5171\u6709\u306f\u3001\u300c\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u3078\u306e\u81ea\u5df1\u6c7a\u5b9a\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u306a\u53c2\u52a0\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3057\u3001\u963b\u5bb3\u3059\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002\u300d\u3068\u6ce8\u610f\u304c\u8a18\u8f09\u3055\u308c\u308b\u306e\u306f\u8ad6\u7406\u7684\u306b\u5fc5\u7136\u306a\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/strong>\u3053\u308c\u3092\u8e0f\u307e\u3048\u3066\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201cobligatory sharing of assistants with others and no or limited influence over whom one has to accept assistance from\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3092\u8a33\u3059\u3068\u3001\u30d1\u30fc\u30bd\u30ca\u30eb\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30b9\u5236\u5ea6\u3092\u5ff5\u982d\u306b\u7f6e\u3044\u305f\u3046\u3048\u3067\u3001Looker-on\u3068\u3057\u3066\u306f\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u300c\u5f53\u4e8b\u8005\u306b\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30bf\u30f3\u30c8\uff08\u4ecb\u52a9\u8005\uff09\u3092\u5171\u6709\u3059\u308b\u7fa9\u52d9\u3092\u8ca0\u308f\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3001\u5f53\u4e8b\u8005\u306b\u8ab0\u304b\u3089\u30a2\u30b7\u30b9\u30c8\uff08\u4ecb\u52a9\uff09\u3092\u3046\u3051\u308b\u304b\u9650\u5b9a\u7684\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u300d\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a33\u306b\u3057\u305f\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<strong>\u4f46\u3057\u3001\u3053\u306e\u4e00\u7bc0\u306f\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u306e\u30d8\u30eb\u30d1\u30fc\u5236\u5ea6\u306e\u30a4\u30e1\u30fc\u30b8\u3067\u53d6\u308a\u6271\u3046\u3079\u304d\u6587\u7ae0\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u306e\u3060\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3055\u3089\u306b\u3001\u8131\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u30ac\u30a4\u30c9\u30e9\u30a4\u30f3\u7b2c2\u7ae0\u3000\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u306e\u7d42\u7d50\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7de0\u7d50\u56fd\u306e\u7fa9\u52d9\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u524d\u56de\u306e\u6295\u7a3f\u3067\u793a\u3057\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u5168\u5ec3\u65b9\u91dd\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u8a73\u7d30\u306b\u3001\u4ee5\u4e0b\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306b\u8a18\u8f09\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u304b\u3064\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u65bd\u8a2d\u53ce\u5bb9\u306e\u73fe\u72b6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3082\u7c21\u7565\u3060\u304c\u8ff0\u3079\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II. Duty of States parties to end institutionalization<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">II. \u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u306e\u7d42\u7d50\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306e\u7de0\u7d04\u56fd\u306e\u7fa9\u52d9<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. Despite obligations under international law, persons with disabilities worldwide continue to be placed in institutions under life-threatening conditions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08Google\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305fLooker-on\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">4. \u56fd\u969b\u6cd5\u4e0a\u306e\u7fa9\u52d9\u306b\u3082\u304b\u304b\u308f\u3089\u305a\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\u3067\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306f\u751f\u547d\u3092\u8105\u304b\u3059\u72b6\u6cc1\u4e0b\u3067\u65bd\u8a2d\u306b\u53ce\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u7d9a\u3051\u200b\u200b\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. The Committee observes that deinstitutionalization processes are either not compliant with the Convention or are overdue.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08Google\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305fLooker-on\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">5. \u59d4\u54e1\u4f1a\u306f\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\u53ce\u5bb9\u304b\u3089\u306e\u8131\u5374\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u304c\u6761\u7d04\u306b\u9069\u5408\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u304b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u9045\u304d\u306b\u5931\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3068\u8003\u3048\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. Institutionalization is a discriminatory practice against persons with disabilities, contrary to article 5 of the Convention. It involves de facto denial of the legal capacity of persons with disabilities, in breach of article 12. It constitutes detention and deprivation of liberty based on impairment, contrary to article 14. States parties should recognize institutionalization as a form of violence against persons with disabilities. It exposes persons with disabilities to forced medical intervention with psychotropic medications, such as sedatives, mood stabilizers, electro-convulsive treatment, and conversion therapy, infringing articles 15, 16 and 17. It exposes persons with disabilities to the administration of drugs and\u3000other interventions without their free, prior and informed consent, in violation of articles 15 and 25.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08Google\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305fLooker-on\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">6. \u65bd\u8a2d\u53ce\u5bb9\u306f\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u5dee\u5225\u7684\u6163\u884c\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6761\u7d04\u7b2c5\u6761\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u6cd5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3092\u4e8b\u5b9f\u4e0a\u5426\u5b9a\u3059\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6761\u7d04\u7b2c12\u6761\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u6a5f\u80fd\u969c\u5bb3\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u62d8\u7981\u3068\u81ea\u7531\u306e\u5265\u596a\u306b\u3042\u305f\u308a\u3001\u6761\u7d04\u7b2c14\u6761\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u7de0\u7d04\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\u53ce\u5bb9\u3092\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306b\u5bfe\u3059\u308b\u66b4\u529b\u306e\u4e00\u5f62\u614b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u8a8d\u8b58\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u3053\u308c\u306f\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u3092\u3001\u93ae\u9759\u5264\u3001\u6c17\u5206\u5b89\u5b9a\u5264\u3001\u96fb\u6c17\u3051\u3044\u308c\u3093\u7642\u6cd5\u3001\u8ee2\u5411\u7642\u6cd5\u3068\u3044\u3063\u305f\u5411\u7cbe\u795e\u85ac\u3092\u7528\u3044\u305f\u5f37\u5236\u7684\u306a\u533b\u7642\u4ecb\u5165\u306b\u3055\u3089\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7b2c15\u6761\u3001\u7b2c16\u6761\u53ca\u3073\u7b2c17\u6761\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u307e\u305f\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u3092\u3001\u81ea\u7531\u3067\u4e8b\u524d\u306e\u3001\u304b\u3064\u5341\u5206\u306a\u60c5\u5831\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u540c\u610f\u306a\u3057\u306b\u3001\u85ac\u7269\u6295\u4e0e\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u306b\u3055\u3089\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u7b2c15\u6761\u53ca\u3073\u7b2c25\u6761\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7. Institutionalization contradicts the right of persons with disabilities to live independently and be included in the community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08Google\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305fLooker-on\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">7. \u65bd\u8a2d\u53ce\u5bb9\u306f\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u304c\u81ea\u7acb\u3057\u3066\u751f\u6d3b\u3057\u3001\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u5305\u6442\u3055\u308c\u308b\u6a29\u5229\u3068\u77db\u76fe\u3059\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8. States parties should abolish all forms of institutionalization, end new placements in institutions and refrain from investing in institutions. Institutionalization must never be considered a form of protection of persons with disabilities, or a \u201cchoice\u201d. The exercise of the rights under article 19 of the Convention cannot be suspended in situations of emergency, including in public health emergencies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08Google\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305fLooker-on\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">8. \u7de0\u7d04\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u65bd\u8a2d\u53ce\u5bb9\u3092\u5ec3\u6b62\u3057\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\u3078\u306e\u65b0\u898f\u5165\u6240\u3092\u505c\u6b62\u3057\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\u3078\u306e\u6295\u8cc7\u3092\u63a7\u3048\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u65bd\u8a2d\u53ce\u5bb9\u306f\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u4fdd\u8b77\u306e\u4e00\u5f62\u614b\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u300c\u9078\u629e\u300d\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002\u6761\u7d04\u7b2c19\u6761\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u6a29\u5229\u306e\u884c\u4f7f\u306f\u3001\u516c\u8846\u885b\u751f\u4e0a\u306e\u7dca\u6025\u4e8b\u614b\u3092\u542b\u3080\u7dca\u6025\u4e8b\u614b\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u505c\u6b62\u3059\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u3067\u304d\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9. There is no justification to perpetuate institutionalization. States parties should not use lack of support and services in the community, poverty or stigmas to justify the ongoing maintenance of institutions, or delays to their closure. Inclusive planning, research, pilot projects or the need for law reform should not be used to delay reform or to limit immediate action to support community inclusion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08Google\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305fLooker-on\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">9. \u65bd\u8a2d\u53ce\u5bb9\u3092\u6c38\u7d9a\u3055\u305b\u308b\u6b63\u5f53\u306a\u7406\u7531\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u7de0\u7d04\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u652f\u63f4\u3084\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306e\u4e0d\u8db3\u3001\u8ca7\u56f0\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u504f\u898b\u3092\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\u306e\u7d99\u7d9a\u7684\u306a\u7dad\u6301\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u9589\u9396\u306e\u9045\u5ef6\u3092\u6b63\u5f53\u5316\u3059\u308b\u7406\u7531\u3068\u3057\u3066\u5229\u7528\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u30a4\u30f3\u30af\u30eb\u30fc\u30b7\u30d6\u306a\u8a08\u753b\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u3001\u30d1\u30a4\u30ed\u30c3\u30c8\u30d7\u30ed\u30b8\u30a7\u30af\u30c8\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u6cd5\u6539\u6b63\u306e\u5fc5\u8981\u6027\u3092\u7406\u7531\u306b\u3001\u6539\u9769\u3092\u9045\u3089\u305b\u305f\u308a\u3001\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u3078\u306e\u5305\u6442\u3092\u652f\u63f4\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u306e\u5373\u6642\u306e\u884c\u52d5\u3092\u5236\u9650\u3057\u305f\u308a\u3057\u3066\u306f\u306a\u3089\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10. Persons with disabilities experiencing individual crises should never be subjected to institutionalization. Individual crisis should not be treated as a medical problem requiring treatment or as a social problem requiring State intervention, forced medication or forced treatment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08Google\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305fLooker-on\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">10. \u500b\u5225\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\u306b\u76f4\u9762\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306f\u3001\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u65bd\u8a2d\u53ce\u5bb9\u306e\u5bfe\u8c61\u3068\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u500b\u5225\u306e\u5371\u6a5f\u306f\u3001\u6cbb\u7642\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u533b\u5b66\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u56fd\u5bb6\u306e\u4ecb\u5165\u3001\u5f37\u5236\u7684\u306a\u6295\u85ac\u3001\u3042\u308b\u3044\u306f\u5f37\u5236\u7684\u306a\u6cbb\u7642\u3092\u5fc5\u8981\u3068\u3059\u308b\u793e\u4f1a\u554f\u984c\u3068\u3057\u3066\u6271\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">11. Deinstitutionalization processes should aim at ending all forms of institutionalization, isolation and segregation of persons with disabilities, in both private and public spheres.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08Google\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305fLooker-on\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">11. \u8131\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306f\u3001\u79c1\u7684\u9818\u57df\u3068\u516c\u7684\u9818\u57df\u306e\u4e21\u65b9\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u65bd\u8a2d\u53ce\u5bb9\u3001\u9694\u96e2\u3001\u304a\u3088\u3073\u9694\u96e2\u3092\u7d42\u308f\u3089\u305b\u308b\u3053\u3068\u3092\u76ee\u6307\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">12. Institutionalization can never be considered as a form of protection of children with disabilities. All forms of institutionalization of children with disabilities \u2013 that is, placement in any non-family setting \u2013 constitute a form of segregation, are harmful and violate the Convention. Children with disabilities, like all children, have the right to family life and a need to live and to grow up with a family in the community.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08Google\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305fLooker-on\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">12. \u65bd\u8a2d\u53ce\u5bb9\u306f\u3001\u6c7a\u3057\u3066\u969c\u5bb3\u5150\u306e\u4fdd\u8b77\u306e\u4e00\u5f62\u614b\u3068\u307f\u306a\u3055\u308c\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u306f\u306a\u3044\u3002\u969c\u5bb3\u5150\u306e\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u5f62\u614b\u306e\u65bd\u8a2d\u53ce\u5bb9\u3001\u3059\u306a\u308f\u3061\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u4ee5\u5916\u306e\u74b0\u5883\u3078\u306e\u53ce\u5bb9\u306f\u3001\u4e00\u7a2e\u306e\u9694\u96e2\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6709\u5bb3\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u6761\u7d04\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u3002\u969c\u5bb3\u306e\u3042\u308b\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u3068\u540c\u69d8\u306b\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u9001\u308b\u6a29\u5229\u3092\u6709\u3057\u3001\u5730\u57df\u793e\u4f1a\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u5bb6\u65cf\u3068\u5171\u306b\u751f\u6d3b\u3057\u3001\u6210\u9577\u3059\u308b\u5fc5\u8981\u304c\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff0a\u3053\u306e\u539f\u5247\u304b\u3089\u3059\u308b\u3068\u3001\u5150\u7ae5\u4fdd\u8b77\u306e\u5f62\u614b\u3068\u3057\u3066\u3001\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u3001\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u306e\u4e2d\u3067\u5bb6\u65cf\u3068\u3068\u3082\u306b\u6210\u9577\u3057\u3066\u3044\u304f\u990a\u80b2\u304c\u6c42\u3081\u3089\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5f62\u614b\u3067\u3042\u308a\u3001\u5150\u7ae5\u5165\u6240\u65bd\u8a2d\u3067\u5150\u7ae5\u671f\u3092\u904e\u3054\u3055\u305b\u308b\u306e\u306f\u3082\u3063\u3066\u306e\u307b\u304b\u3068\u3044\u3046\u8a8d\u8b58\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3053\u3068\u306f\u308f\u304b\u308b\u3060\u308d\u3046\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">13. States parties should immediately provide individuals with opportunities to leave institutions, revoke any detention authorized by legislative provisions that are not in compliance with article 14 of the Convention, whether under mental health acts or otherwise, and prohibit involuntary detention based on disability. States parties should immediately halt new placements in institutions, adopt moratoriums on new admissions and on the construction of new institutions and wards, and should refrain from refurbishing or renovating existing institutions.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08Google\u7ffb\u8a33\u3082\u6d3b\u7528\u3057\u305fLooker-on\u8a33\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">13. \u7de0\u7d04\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u306b\u5bfe\u3057\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\u3092\u9000\u6240\u3059\u308b\u6a5f\u4f1a\u3092\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u63d0\u4f9b\u3057\u3001\u7cbe\u795e\u4fdd\u5065\u6cd5\u3084\u305d\u306e\u4ed6\u306e\u6cd5\u306b\u57fa\u3065\u304f\u304b\u5426\u304b\u3092\u554f\u308f\u305a\u3001\u6761\u7d04\u7b2c14\u6761\u306b\u9055\u53cd\u3059\u308b\u7acb\u6cd5\u898f\u5b9a\u306b\u3088\u3063\u3066\u8a8d\u3081\u3089\u308c\u305f\u3042\u3089\u3086\u308b\u62d8\u7981\u3092\u53d6\u308a\u6d88\u3057\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u3092\u7406\u7531\u3068\u3059\u308b\u975e\u81ea\u767a\u7684\u62d8\u7981\u3092\u7981\u6b62\u3059\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002\u7de0\u7d04\u56fd\u306f\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\u3078\u306e\u65b0\u898f\u5165\u6240\u3092\u76f4\u3061\u306b\u505c\u6b62\u3057\u3001\u65b0\u898f\u5165\u6240\u53ca\u3073\u65b0\u898f\u65bd\u8a2d\u30fb\u75c5\u68df\u306e\u5efa\u8a2d\u3092\u4e00\u6642\u505c\u6b62\u3057\u3001\u65e2\u5b58\u306e\u65bd\u8a2d\u306e\u6539\u4fee\u53c8\u306f\u6539\u7bc9\u3092\u63a7\u3048\u308b\u3079\u304d\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u524d\u56de\u306e\u6295\u7a3f\u3067\u3082\u8ff0\u3079\u305f\u3088\u3046\u306b\u3001\u56fd\u9023\u304c\u63b2\u3052\u7de0\u7d50\u56fd\u306e\u7fa9\u52d9\u3068\u306a\u3063\u3066\u3044\u308b\u8131\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u6226\u7565\u306f\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\u306e\u5168\u5ec3\u3092\u7406\u5ff5\u7684\u306b\u4e3b\u5f35\u3059\u308b\u3060\u3051\u3067\u306f\u306a\u304f\u3001\u516c\u7acb\u30fb\u6c11\u9593\u3092\u554f\u308f\u305a\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\u3078\u306e\u65b0\u898f\u5165\u6240\u306e\u4e2d\u6b62\u3001\u6295\u8cc7\uff08\u6539\u4fee\u30fb\u6539\u7bc9\u30fb\u62e1\u5927\u30fb\u65b0\u898f\u5efa\u8a2d\uff09\u306e\u6291\u5236\u3001\u305d\u308c\u306f\u5fc5\u7136\u7684\u306b\u65bd\u8a2d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u306e\u4e88\u7b97\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u304b\u3089\u5730\u57df\u751f\u6d3b\u652f\u63f4\u306b\u4e88\u7b97\u3092\u6295\u4e0b\u3059\u308b\u4e88\u7b97\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u3078\u306e\u8ee2\u63db\u3092\u8feb\u308b\u3082\u306e\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u3002\u56fd\u5bb6\u4e88\u7b97\u306e\u914d\u5206\u30b7\u30b9\u30c6\u30e0\u306e\u5927\u8ee2\u63db\u3092\u8feb\u308b\u3001\u793e\u4f1a\u306e\u5728\u308a\u65b9\u81ea\u4f53\u306e\u5909\u66f4\u3092\u6c42\u3081\u308b\u5305\u62ec\u7684\u306a\u56fd\u9023\u306e\u6226\u7565\u3068\u8a00\u3048\u308b\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308b\u304c\u3001\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306b\u306f\u3069\u3046\u306a\u306e\u3067\u3042\u308d\u3046\u304b\uff1f<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56fd\u969b\u7684\u306a\u8131\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u6226\u7565\u306e\u73fe\u72b6\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4f8b\u3048\u3070<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inclusion-europe.eu\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Inclusion Europe<\/a> \u306b\u3088\u308c\u3070\u3001<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff0aEU\u306b\u751f\u6d3b\u3059\u308b\u3068\u8a00\u308f\u308c\u308b2000\u4e07\u4eba\u306e\u77e5\u7684\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u53ca\u3073\u5bb6\u65cf\u306e\u58f0\u3092\u4ee3\u5f01\u3059\u308b\u975e\u55b6\u5229\u56e3\u4f53\u3000Inclusion International\u306e\u30e8\u30fc\u30ed\u30c3\u30d1\u652f\u90e8<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2460\u6b27\u5dde\u9023\u5408\uff08EU\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u3044\u307e\u3060\u306b150\u4e07\u4eba\u8fd1\u304f\u304c\u65bd\u8a2d\u3067\u66ae\u3089\u3057\u3066\u304a\u308a\u3001\u30b3\u30df\u30e5\u30cb\u30c6\u30a3\u304b\u3089\u9694\u96e2\u30fb\u9694\u96e2\u3055\u308c\u3001\u81ea\u7acb\u3057\u305f\u751f\u6d3b\u3092\u9001\u308b\u6a29\u5229\u3092\u596a\u308f\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2461\u5c11\u306a\u304f\u3068\u30821,438,696\u4eba\u306e\u5b50\u4f9b\u3068\u5927\u4eba\u304c\u3001\u3044\u307e\u3060\u306b\u9577\u671f\u6ede\u5728\u578b\u306e\u5c45\u4f4f\u65bd\u8a2d\u3067\u66ae\u3089\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\uff08EU\u306b\u304a\u3051\u308b\u65bd\u8a2d\u30b1\u30a2\u304b\u3089\u5730\u57df\u5bc6\u7740\u578b\u30b1\u30a2\u3078\u306e\u79fb\u884c\u306b\u95a2\u3059\u308b2020\u5e74\u306e\u5831\u544a\u66f8\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2462\u65bd\u8a2d\u306b\u5165\u6240\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u4eba\u3005\u306e\u6570\u306f\u3001\u904e\u53bb10\u5e74\u9593\u3067\u5927\u304d\u304f\u5909\u308f\u3063\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3068\u601d\u308f\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2463\u5c45\u4f4f\u65bd\u8a2d\u3067\u990a\u80b2\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u5b50\u4f9b\u306e\u6570\u306f\u3001\u5bb6\u65cf\u3068\u540c\u5c45\u3059\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u91cc\u89aa\u306b\u9810\u3051\u3089\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3001\u990a\u5b50\u7e01\u7d44\u3055\u308c\u308b\u304b\u3001\u307e\u305f\u306f\u6210\u4eba\u3057\u3066\u5150\u7ae5\u990a\u8b77\u65bd\u8a2d\u3092\u96e2\u308c\u308b\u305f\u3081\u3001\u308f\u305a\u304b\u306b\u6e1b\u5c11\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2464EU\u516827\u30ab\u56fd\u3067\u3001\u4eba\u3005\u306f\u5c45\u4f4f\u65bd\u8a2d\u3067\u66ae\u3089\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u304c\u3001\u305d\u306e\u591a\u304f\u304c\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u3067\u5730\u57df\u5bc6\u7740\u578b\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2465\u3057\u304b\u3057\u3001\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u5c45\u4f4f\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306f\u3001EU\u52a0\u76df27\u30ab\u56fd\u306e\u307b\u3068\u3093\u3069\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u30b1\u30a2\u65bd\u8a2d\u306e\u5c11\u6570\u6d3e\u3092\u5360\u3081\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u56fd\u3001\u7279\u306b\u8131\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u306e\u30d7\u30ed\u30bb\u30b9\u306b\u7740\u624b\u3057\u305f\u56fd\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3001\u77e5\u7684\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u3084\u8907\u96d1\u306a\u652f\u63f4\u30cb\u30fc\u30ba\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4eba\u3005\u304c\u4f9d\u7136\u3068\u3057\u3066\u65bd\u8a2d\u3067\u751f\u6d3b\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u304c\u9ad8\u3044\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/www.inclusion-europe.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/Discussion-paper-on-the-risk-of-reinstitutionalisation-report-2021.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Why are people with intellectual disabilities still being put at risk of institutionalisation? Discussion paper on the risk of (re)institutionalization<\/a>\u3000\u3088\u308a\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u3068\u306a\u308a\u3001\u5317\u6b27\u8af8\u56fd\u3092\u62b1\u3048\u308bEU\u306b\u304a\u3044\u3066\u3082\u9053\u306e\u308a\u304c\u9060\u3044\u3053\u3068\u304c\u898b\u3066\u53d6\u308c\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b21\u306e\u3088\u3046\u306a\u30aa\u30fc\u30d7\u30f3\u30bd\u30fc\u30b9\u306e\u51fa\u7248\u7269\u306b\u3082\u7a81\u304d\u5f53\u305f\u3063\u305f\u3002Deinstitutionalization and Later Developments in the Lives of Persons with Intellectual Disabilities\u3000Lessons from the Nordic Countries\uff08<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-031-91652-6\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">https:\/\/link.springer.com\/book\/10.1007\/978-3-031-91652-6<\/a>\u3000\u90a6\u984c\uff1a\u8131\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u3068\u77e5\u7684\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u306e\u751f\u6d3b\u306e\u6700\u65b0\u306e\u52d5\u5411\u3000\u5317\u6b27\u8af8\u56fd\u304b\u3089\u306e\u6559\u8a13\u3000Springer Nature\u793e2025\u5e74\u520a\u3000Jan T\u00f8ssebro,&nbsp;Anders Gustavsson\u8457\uff09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\uff0a<strong>\u30b7\u30e5\u30d7\u30ea\u30f3\u30ac\u30fc\u30fb\u30cd\u30a4\u30c1\u30e3\u30fc<\/strong>\uff08Springer Nature\uff09\u306f\u3001\u30c9\u30a4\u30c4\u3068\u30a4\u30ae\u30ea\u30b9\u306b\u672c\u62e0\u3092\u7f6e\u304f\u5b66\u8853\u51fa\u7248\u306e\u4e16\u754c\u4f01\u696d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Scientific American\u306a\u3069\u51fa\u7248\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u305d\u306e\u6700\u7d42\u7ae0\u3000<strong><a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/chapter\/10.1007\/978-3-031-91652-6_13\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Deinstitutionalizing Without Disaffiliating, or How to Preserve the Power to Act<\/a><\/strong>\uff08\u90a6\u8a33\uff1a\u8131\u843d\u306e\u306a\u3044\u8131\u65bd\u8a2d\u5316\u3082\u3057\u304f\u306f\u884c\u52d5\u306e\u305f\u3081\u306b\u529b\u3092\u7dad\u6301\u3059\u308b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff09\u3067\u306f\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306b\u3064\u3044\u3066<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2460\u5317\u6b27\u8af8\u56fd\u3068\u306f\u7570\u306a\u308a\u3001\u30d5\u30e9\u30f3\u30b9\u306f\u65bd\u8a2d\u3092\u9589\u9396\u3057\u3066\u3044\u306a\u3044\u3002\u591a\u304f\u306e\u969c\u5bb3\u5150\u3084\u6210\u4eba\u304c\u3001\u4eca\u3082\u306a\u304a\u5c02\u7528\u306e\u65bd\u8a2d\u306b\u53ce\u5bb9\u3055\u308c\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2461\u4f8b\u3048\u3070\u30012014\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u3001\u3059\u3079\u3066\u306e\u969c\u5bb3\u3092\u6301\u3064\u4eba\u3092\u542b\u3081\u3001\u65bd\u8a2d\u3067\u30b1\u30a2\u3092\u53d7\u3051\u3066\u3044\u308b\u6210\u4eba\u306f281,650\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u30012022\u5e74\u306b\u306f355,520\u4eba\u306b\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u3001\u305d\u306e\u3046\u306137%\u304c\u9577\u671f\u5165\u6240\u8005\u3067\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2462\u5b50\u3069\u3082\u306e\u72b6\u6cc1\u3082\u30012014\u5e74\u306b\u306f107,314\u4eba\u3067\u3042\u3063\u305f\u304c\u30012022\u5e74\u306b\u306f\u6559\u80b2\u65bd\u8a2d\u306b173,640\u4eba\u304c\u5165\u6240\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\uff08\u305d\u306e\u3046\u306118%\u3001\u4e3b\u306b10\u4ee3\u306e\u82e5\u8005\u306f\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5236\uff09\u30022006\u5e74\u4ee5\u964d\u3001\u969c\u5bb3\u8005\u5c02\u7528\u65bd\u8a2d\u306e\u7dcf\u5b9a\u54e1\u6570\u306f30%\u5897\u52a0\u3057\u3066\u3044\u308b\u3002\u3057\u304b\u3057\u306a\u304c\u3089\u3001\u5bb6\u4e8b\u652f\u63f4\u3084\u5c31\u52b4\u652f\u63f4\u30b5\u30fc\u30d3\u30b9\u306e\u9855\u8457\u306a\u5897\u52a0\u3068\u3001\u5bc4\u5bbf\u65bd\u8a2d\u306b\u5165\u6240\u3059\u308b\u5e7c\u5150\u6570\u306e\u5927\u5e45\u306a\u6e1b\u5c11\u306a\u3069\u3001\u5927\u304d\u306a\u6539\u5584\u3082\u898b\u3089\u308c\u308b\u9762\u3082\u3042\u308b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p 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